After calling Intuit/ProSeries this morning, this is what fixed the problem for me (Thanks to Ruby on the help line!):

Open Task manager> Select the Processes tab (select the "More Details" at the bottom if the tabs don't show)> Scroll down in the "Background Processes" list to the "Q" section> Right click on anything that has a QB or says QuickBooks and "End Task"> Open ProSeries again and install the program under the Help tab.

When I did this, everything installed properly.